さて今度は内容一致英文読解問題攻略に参りましょう。この形式の読解問題は大意や主題を問う「マクロ」の問題と詳細を問う「ミクロ」の問題があります。大体はバランスよく出題されるのですが、今回の英検1級は後者の問題が中心に出題されています。もし前者のマクロタイ プの問題であれば、「速読」によって大意をつかみ、「木を見ず森全体を見る」のがいいのですが、後者のミクロタイプの問題の場合は「精読」を必要とするので厄介です。

今回の英検の内容一致問題の1つ目は子育てを専門家に任せるか、親がすべきかということに関する5段落からなるパッセージです。

まずは問題にチャレンジしてみましょう。制限時間は10分です。

  内容一致問題攻略法

The Maturation of Child Development

（第1パラグラフ）
 
Since the early twentieth century, experts on child development have dished up a confusing and often conflicting stew of advice that has more often followed cultural, moral, and economic trends than solid scientific evidence. "It wasn't firm data that drove child-rearing expertise, but changing Q.32social concerns that seemed to dictate its swerves and emphases," says Ann Hulbert in her book Raising America.' Experts, Parents, and a Century of Advice About Children. 		 

（第2パラグラフ）
 
The field was born from the process of industrialization, when families were confronted with a number of dramatic and disorienting shifts. Q.32 Amid this confusion, reformers called on scientists to provide parents with advice on how to prepare their children for this harsh new world. Many intellectuals in the Progressive Era were infatuated with science and professionalism, looking as they were for something to replace the religious strictures and traditions of the Victorian Age. Q.34The scientific approach got a further boost when newly devised IQ tests showed that half of all U.S. Army recruits in World War I fell below normal intelligence levels, scaring a nation into believing they were raising intellectual lightweights.
 

（第3パラグラフ）
 
The idea that child rearing required extensive knowledge sat well with the swelling ranks of college-educated women, who hoped to reconcile their scholarly interests with the often mundane requirements of mothering. But it wasn't long before child rearing was viewed as too important to be left to the individual. "It is beyond the capacity of the individual parent to train her child to fit into the intricate, interwoven, and interdependent social and economic system we have developed," said one university president in 1930.
Another trend, the breakdown of the extended family, reinforced the role of the expert, since grandmothers and aunts were no longer on hand to dish out daily advice. Sociologist Frank Furedi believes that Q.34the overreliance on experts can be blamed not only on the breakdown of communities in which elders shared responsibility for molding the behavior of youngsters but also on the tendency of the press to exaggerate stories about violence, health scares, and accidents. 		 

（第4パラグラフ）
 
Q.33 The pendulum of advice offered by experts has swung between two poles, the strict and the permissive. The push to prepare children for the harsh and impersonal industrial world led the way for experts to claim that too much motherly love was counterproductive. The pendulum swung the other way during World War II, when it was feared children were suffering from a lack of care from working mothers. A loathing for Nazism and the " authoritarian personality" also drove American families to nurture their children so that they wouldn't develop into little Hitlers. Q.33World-renowned baby expert Dr. Benjamin Spock developed his approach at this time, decrying coercive child-rearing practices and espousing greater love and freedom for both parents and children. 		 

（第5パラグラフ）
 
  Ironically, it is experts like Ann Hulbert who are now asking why Americans have relied so heavily on experts for child-rearing advice. Several new books are exploring the question of why Americans are so anxious and so eager for "expert advice " As sociologists and others show how advice has changed along with the mores of the times, it has become evident that there is more to child-rearing advice than just raising children. 		 


(32)   What helped lead to the birth of the field of child development m the early twentieth century?
  1. Parents became concerned that their children would become too hardened by the harsh realities of the industrialized world.
  2. Intellectuals believed that traditions would be lost during the rapid changes of industrialization.
  3. The government and the military realized that scientific methods of child rearing were failing.
  4. Some people began to worry that parents were not providing their children with the skills necessary for modern lifestyles.



(33)   How did the two world wars affect child-rearing practices?
  1. The first led to an emphasis on science while the second resulted in parents becoming more loving toward their children.
  2. The first pushed parents to rely on experts, 'while the second encouraged parents to develop their own coercive child-rearing practices.
  3. Both made parents concerned that they weren't spending enough time with their children. '
  4. Both showed the increasing importance of scientific data in the development of effective child-rearing practices.


(34)   Which of the following did NOT encourage the increasing role of professional advice on child rearing?
  1. The decline of traditional communities in the modern world.
  2. The use of IQ tests on U.S. Army recruits.
  3. The media's tendency to sensationalize stories about violence and illness.
  4. The research by experts into the causes of anxiety among American parents.